Manegment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Manegment - Essay Example HRM is a tactical and inclusive way of managing people and the place of work customs and atmosphere. An efficient HRM enables employees to contribute successfully and productively to the overall company course and undertakings of the company’s goals and objectives. In the recent past, HRM has moved from its traditional duties and emphasising more on planning, monitoring, and control (Martocchio 4). There was a time I worked as an attendant in a large motel. I interacted with the HRM department during the recruiting process and attended various training sessions organised by the motel and conducted by the HRM department. In this motel, the HRM handles any issue concerning leave days, off days, payslip problems and even medical cover. When I left the motel, I got an exceptionally strong recommendation letter drafted and authenticated by the HR manager. I had a truly delightful time working in this motel; I got promoted two times, and that can attest to the fact that I had a tremendously positive experience with the HRM. In the future, I look forward to secure employment in the same hotel and probably a chance to work in their HR office. Any HRM team is led by a HR manager who reports to a high authority. The authority could be an operation manager or a general manager depending on the organization’s hierarchy of power. Some human resource managers may report directly to the CEO or directors of the company. All the activities of a HRM department are managed by the departmental manager, but at times, the other managers may help him/her, especially during recruitment, firing, and appraisal of the employee performance (Martocchio 9). I have always been passionate about handling people from different creeds, religions, races, social orientations and backgrounds. I believe that, when I choose this course, it will help me achieve my dreams since it is

Interview Selection Methods

Interview Selection Methods Introduction Selection is the process of discovering the prerequisite and specifications of the job candidate in additional establish likely suitably for the work position. Selection have seven process to choose best person and qualified them for the job, actually selection needs a methodical come up to the problem of finding the good matched person for the work position. First selection method is interview, In hiring process last steps and the most important process is interview. It offers an idea about the company and actually interview is way to exchange information and approach to tentative conclusions about hiring one another. In interview can describe your experience and your skills and get some information an idea about what is happening with the company. important thing is an employer get some additional information about you that is not provided in your resume or in your cover letter, they looking for what motivates you and how u communicate with others if you are a manager or follower. Interviewee start evaluate the employer after while interviewer evaluates interviewee. interviewee must preparing before interview. This is best way to combat the interview nerves. Interviewee must know who you are meeting with and which format interview will be follow . Interviewers have many choice to choose from dissimilar style and methods of interviewing and they try to find out many information about a candidate , actually they want to find out the reaction of them in to the different situation . if candidate have extra information about company that could be have an effect on the result of the interview . we have many type of interview but important type of interview is Telephone interview Personal interview Behavioral interview Group or panel interview Video conference interview Normally company choose the telephone interview or personal interview and some time using behavioral interview. OneStop Bank Bhd use interview for select person for job position but selection method have different type of that can be useful for the onestop bank company , the important type of selection is Interview Psychometric testing Ability and aptitude tests Personality References In this case another than interview , Psychometric testing and Personality is useful for the onestop bank . also they can use this two kind of selection to qualified them for the work position. 1. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Interviews Interview have many different type but normally must of the company using three kind of interviewing. First one is telephone interview , employer call to eliminate applicants based on necessary criteria , they call u without an appointment . Second is behavioral interview , they will ask question , interviewee must describe how he/she has handled work related situations , this show to them your behavior , skills and personality. last one is personal interview or face to face interview , they will ask you about yourself and your experience . 1.1. Telephone Interview Telephone interview is very popular interview in the world, most of company using this interview because of low cost and very fast , company use telephone for most screening interview , telephone interview will also used for geographic obstacles ,or some time the candidates lives in another country or city . The fact is telephone interview is the formal method of interviewing , if candidate`s ability to sense delicate non verbal cues that can be challenging telephone interview . the important thing is interviewee must focused to tones of interviewer`s voice , also they must have pen and notepad to write important things or question . the three important advantages for interview is , first usually be contacted faster over the telephone than other method actually if they use computer for net telephone interview ,they can check the result twenty minutes after completing the interview. The second one is time and cost effective ,telephone interview most last about 15 to 20 min and also th e interviewer can test your communication skills and telephone technique. last one is interviewee don't need to dress up femoral or smarten up and also no need to spend time and money to go for interview.(Ben 2008) Telephone interview also have disadvantage , the first is interviewee can't see the reaction of interviewer actually they can't see interviewer to gauge their response . second one is , telephone interview is fast and they ask question very fast and interviewee don't have time to probably think about a question , and most of people are nervure of using telephone for interview , actually they are terrified when they using telephone for interview. (Jury and Kevin 2007) 1.2 Personal interview (face to face ) the most common interview method is personal interview, when interviewer in private office ask question face to face with the interviewee this called personal interview . personal interview is your opportunity to shine and you must show to employer why they must hair you . In this interview your dress up is important and also u must show your communication skills and your appearance is very important in personal interview . personal interview have three important advantage for interviewee and also for interviewer , first advantage is they can see your ability actually interviewer can feel your ability in different situation .(Mark Atrikson 2002) the second one is interview will be longer than phone interview because they can explain skills and ability with action and some people willing to talk longer in personal interview and last one is they can have ability to find the target population and also very expedient for the respondent. (Mark Atrikson 2002) Personal interview also have disadvantage ,first is usually cost more than other methods for them and actually also take time more than phone interview . second one is sometime stage fright for both of them i mean interviewer and also interviewee , because of that sometime change the subject to another subject is very hard for interviewer.(Cono .v,2006 december13) 1.3 Behavioral interview Behavioral interview focus on performance and experiences, actually a person`s specific past performances is very important in this interview. Interviewer ask for past behaviors and actins to draw conclusions about how they would perform in a similar situation in their organization, this kind of interview is very better than traditional interviewing format that just ask candidates concerning hypothetical. this type of interview stat with action or task/situation that will be useful for answering question . in this interview four point is very important they what to rate your experience so they looking for someone who`s creative , optimistic and leader and also a team player . In this interview u must remember your resume and must share your successful work experience with them .advantage of this interview is your accomplishment and past experiences is effect to the result and also in behavioral interview interviewers are trained to use what they can understand about candidates. behav ioral interview the candidate will do the work with more accurate.(Adam 2010) In behavioral interview sometime candidates lie to employer about behavioral and some past experience , they lie just because they know behavioral and past experience will effect to the result.(Adam 2010) 2. Other Selection Methods 2.1. Psychometric Testing Tests are a standard and scientific method used to gauge individuals mental capabilities and behavioral style, psychometric tests made for gauge candidates appropriateness for a role based on the require personality characteristic and ability actually psychometric use to measure of your knowledge , abilities , attitude or personality traits and they used psychometric test in commercial , academic and educational setting for centuries and their famous has go on to increase . In a worker selection setting, psychometric tests give the eventual insight into a applicants potential, providing a significant and highly valid prediction of that applicants skills, knowledge, and also ability and other characteristics of high-quality job performance. the majority psychometric tests are conducted online and sometime tests allow you to keep your answers and come back to complete the test at later stage. psychometric tests are extremely effective analyst of work performance in all position and pro cess and applicants come from all work levels, they are form entry level to chief executives . psychometric tests is one way to gather the information (ability , performance , skills .) from candidates, information and article looking at result of psychometric test and also what they gauge , and how employee can help you in both recruiting staff and developing you career. 2.2 Personality Profiling personality test is way to selection of measure the personality characteristic of candidates that are related to future work performance and an individual`s can affect their appropriateness for some position . personality tests usually measure of five dimension, first is emotional stability and also extraversion , agreeableness , openness to experience and conscientiousness. personality test don't have answer same like right or wrong and person may sifted through identifying particular behaviors that are better suited the work than other person . the important thing is the selection process clear on the characteristic requisite to do well in the work . the advantage is can reveal more information about candidate`s skills, performance and also ability , other point is they can identify interpersonal characteristic that may be needed for certain works. But applicant`s experience may have greater impact on work skills no in to the personality and also have cost for test and interpr etation of results . 2.3 Ability And Aptitude Tests Ability and aptitude test method is for testing your abilities, actually ability and aptitude test may cover a eight areas such as general intelligence , verbal ability , numerical ability , spatial ability , clerical ability , diagrammatical ability , mechanical ability , sensory and motor abilities . this test rating your ability and show your skills and performance is suitable for which position , normally this test may come with action or task . the good point of this test is u can show your specific ability and skills directly to employer . But this kind of test take cost time and money . the important thing in ability test is the applicants must mange time and also control a stress, because must of people a stress pressure them when they do the test . 3. Analysis 3.1.Analysis Of Interview As you know we have many kind of interview but 3 popular interview is telephone interview , personal interview ( face to face), and behavioral interview . telephone interview is popular interview other than personal interview and behavioral interview , now a day's most company in USA and UK and also Canada using the telephone interview because of low cost and time other than telephone interview and behavioral interview (most of big country use telephone interview because maybe applicants stay in different state and traveling cost will be high ) telephone interview compare to personal interview just have two good point cost time and money but personal interview can show the communication skill of interviewer clear than telephone interview because is face to face and actually sometime is better for interviewee to see who ask question and he/she can check reaction of interviewer when he/she answer the question or describe his/her ability and skills . But telephone interviewing have another unique advantage compare to face to face interview as well the possibility of computer driven questionnaire presentation and also don't have obvious disadvantages but comparing to behavioral interview . Behavioral interview is very useful than telephone interview and personal interview if they need the someone have past experience and performance, because of that company use this method when they need specialist. behavioral interview comparing to personal interview , take more time and cost . In the behavioral interview ask for specific same like past behavior or action because is related to your past performance and interviewer will rating your performance . normally company using personal interview if cost and time is very important for them they will use telephone interview and also if they want applicants with experience and past performance they will use behavioral interview . 3.2. Analysis of selection method In this case we have three selection method to analysis , for the first point ability and aptitude test focus in general intelligence and special ability but in personal profiling they force on your experience and your skills and ability test cover a ranges of area more than personality test , but in the personal test the more fuses on personal profile and your resume , your past experience . they use personal test for find special person for suitable of some post . different between personality test and ability test is they used personality test they want to find good person for right position and is related to your characteristic not in your ability , actually ability is important but they aren't focus on ability but in other hand psychometric test is mental measure test and actually psychometric test covers ability test and personal testing and psychometric test is more complete than the others , it cover ability and characteristic but some people believes psychometric test i s not very good because tests are statistically examined . But psychometric test is useful in a commercial , academic and educational. 4. Recommendations My idea as Human Resource Manager of Onestop bank Bhd is they must use personal interview (face to face ) because is more useful to find person with good skills for each job position , the reason is personal interview show us ability and commendation skills of applicants and also it will be useful for know about Appearance of them , actually we can see reaction of them when employer ask question and also responds action . this good because we can give them more time and they can explain about performance and skills of they can provide to us . In the selection method we can use ability test or personal test but I think personal test is better for onestop bank because bank need some employee with good skills , they can chose right person for each position because personal test focusing on characteristic and the bank can hair them for exactly suitable position. the personality test is fast and not higher cost .because of this things I think personality test is very good method onestop bank. 5. Conclusions

The Feminist Perspective of Buffy the Vampire Slayer Essay -- Buffy Va

The Feminist Perspective of Buffy the Vampire Slayer In her feminist critique of Buffy the Vampire Slayer Anne Millard Daughtey described Buffy as a show which "obviously promotes female strength and power" (159). Buffy herself is a "symbol of female empowerment" (149); as feminists we can all take comfort in the fact that Buffy "kicks butt and so can we all" (164). Sherryl Vint agrees that Buffy is a "positive role model for young women, one which feminism should celebrate" (para. 3). I find this understanding of Buffy, both the character and the series, to be very problematic, and with this paper I aim to undertake a revised feminist critique of the show, and expose the Buffyverse as the product of a very traditional patriarchal world view which pays lip service to a superficial feminist fashioning. This is not to deny Daughtey and Vint's reading of the Slayer completely; a defining feature of Buffy the Vampire Slayer is the liminal position it occupies, at once advocating and refuting positivist feminist readings. However, it is my contention that women in the series are all portrayed in stereotypical ways which have been generated by patriarchy throughout the ages, and all of which serve to empty femininity, leaving the women as functional (fantasy) symbols only: the bluestocking (Willow, Jenny Calendar), the dumb but pretty cheerleader (Cordelia, and to a greater extent Harmony), the witch (Willow, Tara), the sexual hysteric (Dru), the madwoman (Glory). To return to Irigaray, in the Buffyverse there is "no such thing as woman", only artificial constructions of femininity, a theme neatly encapsulated in the character of Buffy's 'sister' Dawn. Dawn suddenly enters the show in season five in an initially bewildering ser... ...ague Summers. London: Arrow Books, 1971. Playden, Zoe Jane. "What you are, what's to come: Feminisms, Citizenship and the Divine". Reading the SIgler: An Unofficial Critical Companion to Buff and Angel. Ed. Roy Kaverney. London; New York: Tauris Parke Paperbacks, 2002. 120-147. Purkiss, Diane. The Witch in History: Early Modem and Twentieth Century Representations. London: Routledge, 1996. Vint, Sherryl. " "Killing us Softly': A Feminist Search for the 'Real'Buffy". Slayage 5. 9 Dec 2002. <http://www.slayage.tv/essays/slayage5/vint.html> Whedon, Joss. Interview with Tasha Robinson. The Onion AV Club 37.31. 13 Dec 2002. <http://www.theonionavclub.com> Winslade, J. Lawton. "Teen Witches, Wiccans, and "Wanna Blessed Be's": Pop Culture Magic in Buffy the Vampire Slayer". Slayage 1. 9 Dec. 2002 http://www.slayage.tv/ essays/slayage 1 /winslade.html

Nature or Nurture Essay

NURTURE OR NATURE It has been long debated the importance of nature verses nurture. It is hard to prove one from the other since it is shown for them both to play major roles in the development of a child to an adult. I believe that my personality is a combination of both nature and nurture but I think that I am +more nurtured. There are so many behaviors that I have developed from the environment I grew up. I have learnt to respect all people from being influenced at school and by my parents. I have also been trained to be responsible of things such as doing my work. I learnt that if I am not responsible and don’t do my work, then I must pay bad consequences. I have also learnt from experiences that if I do what I am supposed to do, I may be rewarded for good things done. My environment has influenced me in many ways to act upon certain things automatically. Things like looking both ways before crossing the street, or other things that appear to be common sense are learnt from nurture. I have gone through many experiences in which I have learnt different lessons. These lessons have taught me how to act in my life. I know that I am very different person than my mom or my dad. I don’t have very much in common with either of them. Although we do share some of the same aspects, I feel that I am more different from them than alike. I have developed the majority of my social skills from my friends and not my parents. Most of my social life revolves around my friends, who have influenced me a lot of the decisions I make and in the way I act. I don’t socialize with my parents nearly as much as I do with my peers. I don’t think I know my parents well enough to say if I am like them when they are around their friends or not. The nature and nurture of a person can vary greatly. Sometimes there are certain things that are hard to decide whether they are inherited or learnt. I might share some qualities with my parents, but they could just be characteristics that I learnt in my life that my parents also learnt in their lives too and were not inherited. I believe that genes indicate the potential for one’s behavior and personality, and that the environment helps create the extent as to how that behavior is carried out.

Explain the Concepts of Equality, Diversity and Rights in Relation to Health and Social Care

BTEC Extended Diploma Health and Social Care Unit 2: Equality, diversity and rights in health and social care. P1, P2, P3, M1- Concepts and discriminatory and anti-discriminatory practices. 6th November 2012 By Grace Kirby. Contents Page: Page 3 – 5 Part 1(P1): Explains concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care. Page 5 – 8 Part 2(P2): Describes discriminatory practices in health and social care. Page 9 – Part 3(P3): Describes the potential effects of discriminatory practice can have on staff and individuals using health and social care.Page Part 4(M1): Assess the effects on those using the service of three different discriminatory practices in health and social care settings. Part1 (P1): Explains concepts of equality, diversity and rights in relation to health and social care. In this report will evaluate how Equality, diversity and rights incorporate into the health and/or social care sector and how it is benefited by all m embers of staff, service users or patients in each health and/or social care settings.Equality is being equal to everyone else, especially in rights, status or opportunities. There are laws in place to ensure that every individual is treated equally this includes organisations having equality policies to reinforce the concept. Diversity is accepting and respecting differences between yourself and also other individuals around you. This means that everyone is recognised as being different which is valued and respected. Rights are legal entitlements.For example, an individual has a right to live in society without being abused or intimidated because of their race, beliefs, gender, sexuality or disabilities. ‘Working in the health and social care sector, equality, diversity and rights are at the core of everything you will be doing. These terms embrace all individuals using the health and care sectors and every person working within them. It is essential that people working withi n health and social care recognise the need to treat every individual equally o matter what their gender, race, beliefs, sexuality, age, disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation, education, language, background or skin colour. ’ In Britain it has truly broaden its multicultural society with a huge variety of different types of cultures and backgrounds who live and work all over the country. ‘In total, 6. 5 per cent of the British population consists of ethnic minorities. The British population is made up of the following ethnic groups: * White – 53,074,000 (includes Irish, Polish, Italian, etc) * Black Caribbean – 490,000 Black African – 376,000 * Black Other – 308,000 * Indian – 930,000 * Pakistani – 663,000 * Chinese – 137,000 * Bangladeshi – 268,000 * Other Asian – 209,000 (includes Vietnamese, Malaysian, Thai) * Other – 424,000 (people who did not think they fitted the above categories)’ W ith Britain being so diverse it has a lot of benefits to being so multicultural such as; the arts, diet, education, language, tolerance, social cohesion and cultural enrichment. ‘The arts provide a valuable way of bringing diversity to a wide audience.For example, films made in other countries can demonstrate culture from around the world in a form that is easy to interpret and may intrigue as well as educated people about other cultures. Museums and exhibitions also give an understanding of cultures from around the world, past and present. Plays and other theatrical performances can bring an experience of contemporary world culture. All these things can help us understand and appreciate ‘difference’. With knowledge from the arts a person working in health and social care can develop a deeper understanding of diversity. ‘Another good reason to enjoy a multicultural society is its food. In a recent survey in Britain the Chinese dish Chow Mein was voted the fa vourite food, with Indian food being the other main choice. In fact these two foods accounted for 70 per cent of food choices according to the market leader in consumer survey analysis Mintel. This information is very important for the health and social care profession, as individual tastes have to be taken into account when planning a person’s diet. More and more people are enjoying a diet with herbs and spices.This is partly due to our multicultural society and also because more people are travelling to other countries and tasting different types of food and drink. A person’s diet also needs to be tailored to their health requirements. For example, diabetics and some older people may need to exclude certain foods; likewise, a person’s religious belief may mean that halal meat is a requirement. Asking people about their food likes and dislikes, and what they can and cannot eat, is all part of considering and respecting their diversity. Education has been one of the most developed over recent years with diverse cultures being explored and valued within the curriculum. ‘Schools and colleges now include studies in a wide range of cultures and languages. The education system has also benefited from people from different backgrounds reaching management positions and making positive changes in relation to diversity. The inclusion of equality, diversity and rights training in the health and social care profession has increased and has become an important part of the professional training programme.All organisations are required by law to train their staff in equality, diversity and rights, usually under the equal opportunities framework. Education is an important tool in helping to get rid of ignorance about diversity. ’ In today’s society many people know more than one language, this can either the mother tongue or a language that is learnt through the education system or self taught. This can be beneficial for health profes sional, it gives chances to work abroad as well as learn something new. With the development of online services, there is a wealth of information in most spoken languages. Information is also available in sign language, and the visually impaired can use specialised software, which speaks to the viewer. People who can speak languages other than English are highly sought after in health and social care because many of those using the services may not speak English. Interpretation is seen as a new career in the health service, so speaking another language is clearly beneficial for health and social care professionals. ‘Tolerance is a very important quality to have when working in health and social care. You may come across people you do not get on with or who have different views from, you this is life and has to be accepted; after all, we are all individuals. You have to be mature and professional and professional when working with colleagues and helping people, even though you may sometimes not feel you want to be. Difference has to be accepted – even more in health and social care than in other occupations. Social cohesion is where a community sticks together behind many reasons such as ethnicity. Feeling belonged somewhere is very important to human behaviour as it provides a safe and understanding environment where a group sticks together. In health and social care team members need to form this type of bond. Working in a diverse team requires each member to value and respect all others in the team. Without this bond a team works ineffectively and will eventually fall apart, causing major problems for the people using the service.Cultural enrichment is ‘all the social and cultural benefits described above will bring about cultural enrichment through diversity, which will improve life for everyone, both those who work in health and social care and those who use the services provided. ’ Active Promotion of equality and individual righ ts Health and social care professionals need to actively promote equality and the rights of individuals, whether they are working in or using these services. The word ‘Active’ emphasises the need to ensure that action is taken on these issues.There are many laws, policies and procedures in effect to promote equality and individual rights such as the care value base (CVB). There are seven principles which promote rights for every individual who uses a service within the health and social care sectors. The care value base principles are all equally important and should in theory form the basis of all your relationships with clients and colleagues. The seven principles are: 1. The promotion of anti-discriminatory practice 2. The promotion and support of dignity, independence and safety 3.Respect for, and acknowledgement of, personal beliefs and an individual’s identity 4. The maintenance of confidentiality 5. Protection from abuse and harm 6. The promotion of effect ive communication and relationships 7. The provision of personalised individual care. In health and social care there are various ways to actively promote equality and individual’s rights such as the following: * Promoting the rights, choices and well-being of individuals * Anti discriminatory practice – empowering individuals * Dealing with tensions and contradictions Staff development and training * Practical implications of confidentiality, e. g. recording, reporting, storing and sharing of information Part 2(P2): Describes discriminatory practices in health and social care. In health and social care discrimination occurs more often than expected this can vary from your colleagues discriminating against you or the service users also the service users discriminating against you. Discrimination can happen in many forms, people are discriminated against for many things as well.People are mostly discriminated against for the following: * Culture * Disability * Age * Soc ial class * Gender * Sexuality * Health status * Family * Status * Cognitive ability Culture ‘A person’s culture is important to them and identifies who they are in the world. It is developed within the social group they are raised in, and can change when they are mature enough to decide for themselves what culture best suits them. In the health and social care profession, respecting a person’s culture is important for all concerned.It is important for the individual because it creates a sense of support and understanding, promotes their well-being and can help their health. It is also important to health and social care professionals because they see the benefits of their care value base and this underlines the importance of respecting an individual’s culture. ’ Disabilities ‘In health and social care, you will work with and support people with various disabilities. The disability Discrimination Act (DDA) makes it unlawful to discriminate aga inst someone who has a disability.The act covers employment, access to goods, facilities and services of organisations, education, buying and renting a property and transport services. There has to be full accessibility for anyone with a disability. The organisation you work for will be required by law to have a policy in place regarding disability. ’ Age ‘Age discrimination happens ‘when someone is treated unfavourably because of their age, without justification, or is harassed or victimised because of their age’.There have been some controversies regarding the dispensing of certain very expensive drugs to older people because of their shorter life expectancy, due to their age. Some people have argued that the money would be better spent on drugs for younger people. However denying a person a drug due to their age may open the health service to considerable legal risk, and legal advice needs to be sought first before decisions like this are made’. S ocial class ‘Our social class is apparent from the place where we live. The higher the class, the better the place is kept and maintained.This inequality has also infiltrated health and social care. In the forward to a department of Health publication, Alan Milburn MP, former Secretary of State for Health, stated that the poor are far more likely to get cancer than the rich, and their chances of survival are lower too; the letter carries to say that health care is a postcode lottery. However: ‘At the heart of human rights is the belief that everybody should be treated equally and with dignity – no matter what their circumstances’ – Source: Equality and Human Rights Commissions (www. equalityhumanrights. om)’. Gender A person cannot be discriminated against because of their gender. Under the Gender Equality Duty 2007, all organisations, including health and social care services, cannot discriminate unfairly due to a person’s gender. Equa l rights of access, health care and rights must be followed. Sexuality Sexual orientation can be referred to a person is attracted to another person of the same sex (gay or lesbian), the opposite sex (heterosexual), or both sexes (bisexual). Discrimination against someone because of their sexuality is against the law.If someone feels discriminated against because of their sexuality or feels they are being discriminated against they can seek legal help. Health status ‘sometimes difficult decisions have to be made regarding a person’s medical treatment, taking into account the cost of the treatment, their expected quality of life after the treatment, their expected quality of life after the treatment and their overall life expectancy, people making these decisions should always keep questioning their own assumptions and prejudices, and do their best to balance the welfare of individual patients with broader funding considerations. Family status Since sexuality has broaden ed in society with the sexuality act, people are discriminated against gay and/or lesbian parents, single parents, parents of different genders, parents of different races with mixed race children and other family groupings. Cognitive ability ‘Discrimination on the grounds of cognitive ability may arise because of a brain injury a learning disability or difficulty, or a person’s social class or education. It can be easy to discriminate against people with cognitive disabilities but care must be taken not to do so.Valuing People Now is a government strategy which aims to improve the lives of people with learning disabilities, and those of their families and carers. Part 3(P3): describe the potential effects of discriminatory practice can have on staff and individuals using health and social care. In all aspects including health and social care discriminatory practice has very negative effects on the people being cared for. This section will explore the effects in more de tail. Marginalisations (treat a person or group as insignificant)Marginalisation is when people feel as if they are not a part of the main group or society as if they don’t belong anywhere. This is a potential effect of discrimination because a person is made to stand out and made to be different from everyone else and they can therefore feel like they are all alone and marginalized from the rest of society or in the case of a health and social care sector, other service users. When a person is marginalized they are made to feel like they are different and not in a good way.For example a lower class citizen being admitted to a private care trust because there is no room elsewhere and being surrounded by all upper class service users. They may then be treated differently because of that i. e. discriminated against and they may begin to feel pushed out alone because of whom they are and where they are. This is a clear example of Marginalisation. Disempowerments (make a person o r group less powerful or confident) ‘Individuals or groups that are discriminated against by other individuals or more powerful groups will feel disempowered.They may be willing to fight against this and in some cases will win their case. However, many do not and they lose the will to fight against discrimination. As a result of this, they may become depressed and devalued and disempowered, which in turn may lead to more health issues. ’ This could happen in a health and social care setting for example Low self – esteem and self – identity Discrimination can lead to people losing their self- worth or self esteem. Some people already have low self esteem before they begin to use the health and social care services.A person with low self esteem will experience negative self-identity, which brings a feeling of worthlessness and depression. The health and social care professional needs to ensure that an individual’s self esteem is maintained at a high l evel or can be raised when its low, to health the person copes with the situation there in. Restricted opportunities ‘All types of discrimination may lead to a person not using health and social care provision and this can lead to poorer health. The discrimination may be by individuals, health organisations or even the government. ’ Negative behaviours such as aggression or criminality Negative behaviour, aggression or crime can be partly caused by discrimination. Living in poverty and experiencing discrimination. Living in poverty and experiencing discrimination can affect an individual’s behaviour. People may experience hardship and then take their frustrations out on police, teachers and health and social care professionals. People may take out their anger on those they see in a position of power and health professionals can find themselves being verbally or physically attacked. People may have anger management problems and they may take this out on the health and social care professional.Drug users may also display negative behaviour while in care. ’ Definitions Equality: the state of being equal especially in status, rights and opportunities. Equity: the quality of being fair and impartial Diversity: the state of being diverse; variety Rights: that which is morally correct just or honourable Opportunity: a set of circumstances that make it possible to do something Difference: a point or way in which people or things are not the same Overt discrimination: when you do not hide the fact you are discriminating, it is not hidden Covert discrimination: hidden or subtle discrimination.It is opposed to overt discrimination Stereotyping: view or represent as a stereotype Labelling: assign to a category, especially inaccurately or restrictively Prejudice: preconceived opinion not based on reason or experience Disadvantages: unfavourable circumstances Belief: an acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists Values: the regar d that something is held to deserve; the importance or preciousness of something Vulnerability: the state of being vulnerable or exposed Abused: the improper use of somethingEmpowerment: authorization: the act of conferring legality or sanction or formal warrant Independence: freedom from the control, influence, support, aid or the like of others Interdependence: mutuality: a repriciocal relation between interdependent entities. Racism: prejudice or discrimination directed against some of a different race based on such a relief. Sexism: prejudice, stereotyping or discrimination, typically against women on the basis of sex. Homophobia: an extreme and irrational aversion to homosexuality and homosexual people. ——————————————– 1 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 48 [ 2 ]. British Council, 2009 [ 3 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTE C National P. 50 [ 4 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 5 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 6 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 7 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 50 [ 8 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 2 [ 9 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 65 [ 10 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 65 P. 66 [ 11 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 66 [ 12 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 67 [ 13 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69 [ 14 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69 [ 15 ]. Edexcel Health and social care level 3, Book 1 BTEC National P. 69