International Trade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Universal Trade - Research Paper Example To appropriately extend the criticalness of universal exchange, this article along these lines has three objectives: 1) to analyze the points and method of reasoning of global exchange through the instances of China and India, and finally, 2) to look at the impacts of worldwide exchange on created and creating nations. Created and creating nations, in any case, have various objectives for taking part in universal exchange. The previous, in the negative sense, means to assist their own bit of leeway or, emphatically, to help the financial battles of the last mentioned. As far as it matters for them, creating nations intend to accomplish a similar degree of advancement and flourishing as the created ones. A change from statusâ€developing to recently developedâ€may likewise change such exchange objectives. For the most part however, exchanging is for endurance or for the upkeep of countries’ economies. Nations trade products dependent on assets that are copious in one and assets that are scant in the other. This has additionally been called by David Ricardo as â€Å"comparative advantage† and is one of the methods of reasoning for the presence of exchange. Country states trade products that are created in enormous amounts inside the national economy, while they import merchandise t hat are either scant or delivered in little amounts in local markets (Husted and Melvin, 2000, pp.60-61). Despite the nation’s limit, â€Å"profitability of production† is as yet feasible insofar as there is a near favorable position. Although outright preferences in the merchandise they produce might be missing, all economies that are worked by serious markets have relative points of interest. Ricardo further recommends that â€Å"no nation can long import, except if it likewise sends out, or can long fare except if it additionally imports (as refered to in Blatt, 2004). He affirms that there are advantages to be had in the import-fare of merchandise between and among exchanging countries. Subsequently, captivating in both is â€Å"equally essential† in order to

Biography of the Benjamin Franklin

Account of the Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin is among the establishing fathers of the United States of America. Despite the fact that not beginning from a politically persuasive family, he exclusively endeavored to turn into the cream of the exclusive class. As the pioneer of power, he tested and composed on various subjects in the field, which the American culture as yet recognizes.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Biography of the Benjamin Franklin explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through difficult work, significant advancements, and proposition, he won administrative positions, which attracted him near the political class and different pioneers fabricating a solid American economy. Franklin’s abilities and strategies in doing discretionary relations spoke to a one of a kind American character. As a dauntless, visionary pioneer, he represents freedom, illumination, economy, and solidarity, which speaks to the American character. Clearly, Benjamin Franklin wa s a dad figure, pioneer, government official, author, researcher, creator, and altruist among different characteristics that a one individual scarcely gangs. Other than heading a smooth family, he attempted to add to the achievement of autonomy of the US. Franklin oven and power bridling are a portion of the developments under his name. His character as an intense individual and a negotiator qualified him for an achiever of the general public. Through his gigantic commitment to the American governmental issues and economy, Benjamin built up a strong relationship with the United States of America. Franklin’s father relocated to America in 1635 where he wedded his second spouse after the demise of the first. Consequently, turning into an American resident by birth, Franklin set up strong roots in America. At the youthful age of twelve, he got the hang of printing aptitudes, which propelled him to create composing abilities inevitably turning into a distributer and a pioneer. Fr anklin’s aptitudes in strategy prompted freedom of the US, yet in addition to the unification of the various conditions of America. His administration obligation as a strategic official and a diplomat prompted the foundation of the American constitution and American banner and cash, which was one of a kind among all the countries. Franklin is an image of American economy, cash, constitution, and legislative issues. Because of his achievements in the training division, America has created the best researchers and creators everywhere throughout the world. As a representative, he called for harmony among countries like Britain, the US, and France. Besides, he joined the thirteen conditions of America to make a lone country. Therefore, during Franklin’s time, the US found a sense of contentment, which prompted the foundation of correspondence, transport offices, and different enterprises. Financially, he is the pioneer of the American cash, which clarifies the nearness of his picture on it. Moreover, he was a player in the group that composed the constitution of the US, which is the reason for the bearing political solidness that the US appreciates even in the contemporary occasions. In this manner, in the contemporary society, Franklin is an image of the solid American economy, which seldom dwindles.Advertising Looking for article on account? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The previously mentioned commitments of Franklin not exclusively to the US, yet in addition to the whole world order him as a gutsy, splendid, and careful individual. Contemporarily, he is the American character and decades later, no one has ascended to coordinate his character. He exclusively consolidated various controls going from social, political, practical, and logical, which finished into a superpower. In outline, Benjamin Franklin was a one of a kind individual that the world at any point experienced. His capacit y to consolidate all orders empowered him to build up the country of United States of America. He is an image of the solid American economy, which is at the edge of the world’s economy. Really, his scholarly capacities epitomize the American character.

Fall 2016 New Student Series Part 1 Meet Sayan Supratim Das COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Fall 2016 New Student Series Part 1 Meet Sayan Supratim Das COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Wow that was fast! On Wednesday, I  announced well be  introducing the incoming class on the blog, and already Ive received a few submissions. To kick if off, meet  Sayan Supratim Das. Sayan was a researcher with an NGO and drafted a thesis on water scarcity. After SIPA, he hopes to work for UN Water or UN Women where he can combine his career interests of water access to the intersection of gender and human rights work.   Full Name: Sayan Supratim Das Age: 28 Degree Program: Master of International Affairs Concentration: Human Rights and Humanitarian Policy Anticipated Graduation Year: Spring 2018 Hometown: Chandigarh, Chandigarh,  India Undergraduate University: ILS Law College, University of Pune Undergraduate Major: Law Undergraduate Graduation Year: 2011 What’s your professional background? My professional experiences range as a researcher for a NGO where I designed and drafted a thesis on water scarcity, and an internship under an Indian parliamentarian which gave me a glimpse of the bureaucracy at work, a public policy institution where I researched and drafted a book on a grassroots entrepreneurship giving me a window to create my own career goals in the sphere of water while utilising the many grassroots organisations operating within India and a lawyer which has given me a deeper understanding of the judiciary. All these have been attempts to understand the public policy space from the different aspects of research, administration and execution. I have also worked as a freelance editor for a publishing house and a literary journal and currently am an English tutor with an educational consultancy. Did you apply to SIPA to change careers or to gain experience in a career path you already have experience in? I applied to SIPA to learn and to hopefully create opportunities to become an international civil servant and policy maker. What was your reaction when you found out you were accepted to SIPA? It was seven in the morning when I received a call from a dear friend who had made it to SIPA as well. Groggy and overjoyed with her success, I opened my mailbox full of trepidation only to find floating balloons in the portal declaring that I had made it as well. I took a deep breath and then brought my best smile with me to wake my parents to such a great news. I can still scarcely believe that I am heading towards an Ivy League education. What do you most look forward to as a graduate student at SIPA? The opportunities, both professional and personal. The wide range of classes. Even after shortlisting the classes I want to take at SIPA, I still have a dozen or more classes which fascinates me. I am eager to study, to really delve deep into policy issues of interest, to learn from my peers and professors and gain a sense of empowerment, a voice, because living in a far more democratic world than my parents, I know I can make a difference, a real, tangible difference in the lives of others. [Photo credit: Sayan Supratim Das | Ma, Baba and Me. #TheThreeMusketeers #AllForOne #OneForAll] Do you have any apprehensions about starting graduate school? The finances bother me. It does. I will not lie. New York is not pleasant to our bank accounts. However, I overlooked this bit in favour of an education from a top school at the time of applications, and now that I have made it in, I must look beyond my own fears and celebrate what will be a life altering process. What are your goals after SIPA? I hope to work with the United Nations. I am focussed on making it to the organisation. I hope to either work with UN Water or UN Women, given that my interest area is the intersection of gender and human rights with access to water. If you could change one small thing about your community, country or the world, what would it be? Isnt this a loaded question? I would inculcate the habit of listening into any community in the world. Listen closely, listen intently, listen with the hope to respond and not react, listen to collate the views of others with your information, listen to not become opinionated but to be informed, and listen to make others feel heard. A lot of todays global issues began as a cry for help or to be heard which was wilfully ignored in a room of opinionated and ill-informed people who were or perhaps still are in positions of power. Tell us something interesting about yourself: I am a talker so this can take a while. I was raised in six cities, attended five different schools and worked and studied in three different parts of India. So I do feel like an immigrant within India given how diverse we are in terms of language, culture, lifestyle and food. I am a writer, or I like to say I am. I had the privilege to study Creative Writing at the University of Oxford (graduated in 2015) which has made me obsessed with someday living and writing in a cottage in the English countryside overlooking a chattering brook. I am in the middle of my novel on displaced Bangladeshis at this point. I am huge Bollywood aficionado, and like our actors in the 90s I can dance on the streets at the a drop of a hat (provided there is good music). I love to cook, feed people and one day I will become the Brown Nigella Lawson of the western world. Finally, chicken tikka masala, films by Mira Nair, Priyanka Chopra (Quantico fame), books by Jhumpa Lahiri and JK Rowling and Roger Federer are my kryptonites. Share your story by completing  the New Student Self-Interview Form  today!

Analysis Of The Book David And Goliath - 2423 Words

( add to role in society paragraph)Some people act the way that allows them to make a certain impression on surrounding people, and feel more stronger and confident, compare to other people around. If we believe that each new defeat will bring us closer to success, then in this case we do not lose our heart. With this attitude to loses and failures we will definitely get stronger every time, because always be able to collect all the will in a fist for the next breakthrough and the next attempt to reach the heights. Pop sociologist Malcolm Gladwell in his book David and Goliath examines the nature of success and this time he is interested whether the weak can beat the strong. We are a nation build on underdogs, we support them, we are not afraid of them, and we are one of them at some point in our life. Whether at work, job interview, sports or everyday life. In any situation, there is a favorite and an underdog. When we face difficulties we either give up, or courageously defeat them and become even stronger. Any obstacles we face, they lead us to a stronger character. Can anyone consider himself a strong man if you are just lucky in life and have a power in your hands but have avoided all obstacles in your life? It is very doubtful because there will be a strong underdog to defeat a topdog. Even if topdog achieved something significant in life, then such person can lose everything within a blink of an eye, when faced with difficulty which never overcame before.Show MoreRelatedGoliath : Giant A mong Men1273 Words   |  6 PagesGoliath: Giant among Men Have you ever wondered if being considered an underdog is a good or a bad thing? Consider the underdogs in the history of the world and one thing is always at the front of our minds. How can these individuals go against the odds? Where they overlook and nobody had the true facts to accurately depict the end result? In one of the most popular underdog stories of all time is the story of David who took on the giant Goliath. Malcolm Gladwell in a well presented TED talk givenRead MoreLiterary Analysis 1 Samuel 17:1-281926 Words   |  8 PagesLIBERTY UNIVERSITY LITERARY ANALYSIS 1 SAMUEL 17:1-58 SUBMITTED TO DR. GUEST IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COMPLETION OF OBST 591 BY DECEMBER 12, 2011 The account of David and Goliath is one most often taught to children. Many adult believers heard the account while growing up. To move beyond the superficial aspect of the events, an in-depth analysis is needed. The narrative is a complex literary work with deep theological messages. The current paper willRead MoreAnalysis Of David And Goliath By Malcolm Gladwell1834 Words   |  8 PagesContext: David and Goliath by Malcolm Gladwell is a critical thinking, self-help book that was published in 2013. Malcolm Gladwell is an English born Canadian journalist, author, and motivational speaker. He was born on September 3, 1963 in Fareham, Hampshire, England. His mother is Joyce Gladwell, a Jamaican born psychotherapist and his father is Graham Gladwell, who was a mathematics professor from Kent, England. Gladwell states that his mother is his role model as a writer, due to her willingnessRead MoreLiterary Analysis of David and Goliath2019 Words   |  9 PagesA Character Analysis of David and Goliath When studying any piece of literature there are many different methods and techniques that can be used. The Bible, in specific, is often referred to as a source of moral code, hope, and answers to social, ethical, and political questions. However, this incredibly influential book can also be read as if it were any other novel. The events, settings, and characters can all be evaluated for what they are, forgetting the notion that they are from a religiousRead MoreThe Holy Land And Jerusalem2227 Words   |  9 Pagesperspectives can be observed as Rabbi Lazer Brody describes the event: â€Å"Earlier this week, the xtian idolaters tried to enter King David s holy gravesite with their incense and crosses to hold their mass. These are the very emissaries of the Dark Side.[...] Hashem kindled a holy spirit in my beloved teacher, Rav Shalom Arush, who stood up like a lion to protect King David s gravesite against the profane intruders. He came with a Torah scroll and prayed there. When th e young men of our yeshiva triedRead MoreIntb 3355 Final Review893 Words   |  4 Pagesforeigners or nonresidents and to acts and activities that take place outside of its borders * Ecuador vs. Chevron (you need to be able to refer not only to your lecture notes on this case, but also to the video we watched in class and the David vs Goliath reading – both of which are available on Blackboard under Course Content, in the folder for the Legal Forces lecture) 2. International Dispute Settlement * Litigation Major Problems – Which jurisdiction’s laws should apply? Where willRead MoreAnalyzing Hezbollah And Its Use Of Violence Against Israel3344 Words   |  14 Pagessubject of much scholarly attention. Much of the literature surrounding this topic has specifically dealt with the shifts in Hezbollah’s ideology and its incorporation of political Islam. Slightly diverging from previous areas of scholarly research and analysis, this paper will, from a political economy perspective, drawing facts from history, assess Hezbollah’s strategic use of violence in its resistance against Israel, precisely during the period from 1982 to 2000.2 In this paper, I argue that HezbollahRead MorePrice Dispersion, Competition, And The Role Of Online Travel Agents1742 Words   |  7 Pagespolicy, purchase procedure, and product pricing. It is projected that by focusing on these key drivers when creating their main marketing strategies, travel agencies will be able to develop and facilitate a successful B2C e-commerce transactions. An Analysis of The Lowest Fares and Shortest Durations for Air-Tickets on Travel AgencyWebsites. This study investigated the practices of five online travel agency (OTA) websites. In terms of lowest airfares and the shortest in-flight durations (hereafter knownRead More Beowulf: Christian Vs Pagan Influence Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing instilled upon the listeners. The good qualities of loyalty, humility, sacrifice for the good of others, and sympathy for those less fortunate are seen woven into the text as well as the negative consequences from greed and pride. In a thorough analysis of Beowulf, the Christian and pagan elements, represented in the characters and their journeys through various countries, creates an epic adventure filled with superhuman qualities and Christian ideals that often parallel themselves to biblical charactersRead MoreBeowulf: Christian vs Pagan Influence Term Paper1665 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing instilled upon the listeners. The good qualities of loyalty, humility, sacrifice for the good of others, and sympathy for those less fortunate are se en woven into the text as well as the negative consequences from greed and pride. In a thorough analysis of Beowulf, the Christian and pagan elements, represented in the characters and their journeys through various countries, creates an epic adventure filled with superhuman qualities and Christian ideals that often parallel themselves to biblical characters

The Great Depression Of The Twentieth Century - 1423 Words

The Twentieth Century is a time period that is fundamentally characterized as a century of revolutions, advancements and tragedies. Women rights and race equality lead by Dr. Martin Luther Kind Jr. were among the many revolutions that fought for human equality. Technological advancements such as the first airplane, the first car, the introduction of motion pictures, Internet and cell phones advanced communication methods and helped the labour force through reproductive methods. Along side the marvels that emerged out of the twentieth Century, horror and fear presented change too. The great depression, World War I, World War II, the Holocaust, the collapse of the Stock Market and Nazi take over and their establishment of concentration camps negatively impacted the outcome of the twentieth century and changing urban form. Among the horror that erected in this time period, the communist movement is often forgotten. The change in political platforms, inspired by the Theory of Communism by Karl Marx was theoretically perfect. However when ____ (number of countries that used communism) adopted communism, its universal failure resulted in the misunderstanding and contempt of human nature . Communism was well designed for military strength and intimidation , which explained the violence and fear that emerged out of this movement. North America did not change their political platform and remained Demographic. For citizens residing in the _(number of countries that were communist)Show MoreRelatedHistory makes the twentieth century seem like a horrible time, but theatre made the depressing1200 Words   |  5 PagesHistory makes the twentieth century seem like a horrible time, but theatre made the depressing times better. The amount of plays produced at this time increased until the beginning of the depression yet started to decrease when World War II came along (Hischak 2-3). The twentieth century American period was eventful because of the many historical events and plays during this time, especially the play, Our Town. The twentieth century was a bustling time. Many things were going on from war to newRead MoreThe Great Depression1133 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,† is a famous quote once said during the Great Depression by Franklin D. Roosevelt. After one world war, great financial fallout, and another world war to follow, the twentieth century was already shaping out to be a handful. When the Great Depression was coming to an end and the economy was trying to turn around, jobs started opening up and a new wave of immigrants came into New York, the Puerto Ricans. For some the American dream was to come toRead MoreAmerican History: a Brief Summary1518 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican life in the twentieth century has been characterized more by continuity than by change. Since the beginning of the republic Americans have defined progress by continuity. Settlers from all over the world came to America looking for the same thing—a new world . Although these newcomers had different ideas and their share of disagreement, for the most part, everyone wanted the same thing. Americans agreed that it was time for a government and it was time to stop immigration and developRead MoreLife and Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt1112 Words   |  5 Pagesof all time. When Roosevelt was on campaign for presidency he promised to help the economy and the needy. Being in the midsts of the Great Depression, his promise to get people and the economy back on their feet greatly helped him achieve office(Burns). During his presidency, Roosevelt led the United States through the worst crises of the century, The Great Depression and World War II (Britannica School). Roosevelt was very likable and many of people thought of him as a father figure(Burns). BeforeRead MoreThe Rise Of The Great Depression1260 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many depressions throughout the world that happened at different times. The greatest and longest oc curred in the United States when the stock market crashed in October 1929. This marked the beginning of a major event that helped shape the economy in the 20th century but that does not mean the economy was perfect. There is no such thing as a perfect economy but from what economists know from the past depressions, they are trying to formulate an economy that is most efficient. Yes, thereRead MoreNotes Chapter 21 WWI1292 Words   |  6 PagesMOST RECENT CENTURY 1914–2010 Chapter 21—The Collapse and Recovery of Europe, 1914–1970s CHAPTER LEARNING OBJECTIVES: †¢ To examine the history of Europe between 1914 and the 1970s as an organic whole made up of closely interconnected parts †¢ To consider the repercussions of nationalism and colonialism in Europe and Japan †¢ To increase student awareness of the effects of the two world wars †¢ To help students imagine the appeal of totalitarian movements in the twentieth century KEY TERMS:Read More The Focus on Race in The United States Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesthe fifth basic belief of ideology and instantly establishes a basis on why race has survived in the twentieth century. There will always be scientists, philosophers, doctors and historians examining the origins and the continuation of race. By examining their research we are able understand this color line and how it has impacted the twentieth century. Race survived throughout the twentieth century in part due to the continuing discrimination against those of non-western European descent. From aRead MoreEssay on John Maynard Keynes Versus Friederich A. Hayek603 Words   |  3 PagesTwo major economic thinkers of the of the early twentieth century, John Maynard Keynes and Friedrich A. Hayek, hold very different economic viewpoints. Keynes is among the most famous economic philosophers. Keynes, whos theories gained a reputation during the Great Depression in the 1930s, focused mainly on an economys bust. It is where the economy declines and finally bottoms-out, that Keynesian economics believes the answers lie for its eventual recovery. On the other hand, Hayek believed thatRead MoreGerstle s Historiographical Of Mainstream Americanism1327 Words   |  6 PagesGrant Klemann Dr. LaFevor HIST 1312-010 21 April 2016 Gerstle’s Historiographical of Mainstream Americanism Gary Gerstle attempts to reinterpret twentieth-century American history in light of the power of race (and to a much lesser extent, or even not at all, class and gender). The American Crucible conceptualizes American liberals as well as whiteness scholars’ synthetic historiographical interpretations on mainstream Americanism like Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt- Theodore RooseveltRead MoreDuring The Great Depression Many Struggled For Money And1136 Words   |  5 PagesDuring the great depression many struggled for money and to keep their home’s. The Great Depression was economic slump in north america, europe, and other areas of the world that started in 1929 and lasted until 1939, it was the longest and most severe depression ever. The Great Depression began with a catastrophic collapse of stock market prices in the New York stock exchange in October 1929. During the next few years stock prices continued to fall. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself

Gavin Menzies’ Voyages Free Essays

Gavin Menzies Essay Gavin Menzies was a royal navy submarine captain that worked for the British government and now is trying to let the world know his opinion on the discovery of the Americas: did the Chinese discover the Americas before Columbus? Menzies takes on a voyage where he tries to find evidence to support his thesis and comes up with several different theories; his first stop: Calicut. Menzies claims that the Ming dynasty’s famous navigator Zheng He managed to reach the cape of good hope and from there he should have reached the Americas too. Gavin also claims that a famous Italian writer of the time, Nicolo ‘ Di Conti, might have made contact with Zheng ‘s fleet in Calicut and might have also left with them for the New World; Unfortunately for Menzies this idea was quickly discarded for there are historical records that suggest that Di Conti immediately returned back to Italy after his trip to Calicut ( he might have also carried some Chinese maps of their voyages with him). We will write a custom essay sample on Gavin Menzies’ Voyages or any similar topic only for you Order Now Menzies then pulls out some more evidence that a map found was possibly a Chinese map that led to the islands of the Antilles, but according to a few historians and cartographers, the maps were confusing inaccurate and the islands were displaced in random places. The possibility of a slipway on one of the tropical islands was rejected by many geologists that state that those rocks where there for no peculiar reason. Still not giving up on his quest, Gavin Menzies slightly alters his theory: he affirms that an Italian, Verazzano, went on a voyage with the Chinese and stating that he saw â€Å"people running like Chinese†; but as we already know, even Columbus, thought that the people he thought were Chinese but they were just the Native American tribes that lived on the coastline. It was also verified that Indigenous people were descendants of other Asian tribes that might have reached the Americas by crossing an icy passage in North America. There is no concrete information or evidence that the Chinese ever got to America, because if that were so than the Chinese would have set up outposts, settled or maybe started trading the tropical goods with Europe and probably could have made a fortune! Lastly, Menzies tries convincing the people when he claims that an old Chinese report states that the Ming fleet arrived at the shore of about 3000 different countries(the only way to do this was by reaching the Americas too)! The Chinese historian that owned the archives rejects this last of Gavin’s theories because of a simple calligraphy misunderstanding: the Chinese character † † means 30 and † † means 3000 so the record can be misunderstood because the record actually just meant 30 different countries†¦ Any claims concerning history, especially when it has been firmly accepted by historians and other professionals on that certain topic, should have reliable and plausible evidence along with clarifications and explanations to be supported; That is how history has been built up so far and it’s how it will continue to be built. When an argument concerning history that relies on inaccurate evidence and unsupported theories, such as that found in Menzies’ show. The argument does not deserve to be reconsidered. How to cite Gavin Menzies’ Voyages, Essay examples

Education 2 Essay Research Paper In today free essay sample

Education 2 Essay, Research Paper In today # 8217 ; s society a college instruction is an indispensable portion of prosecuting a calling. While in college a individual can find his strengths and failings in whatever way he decides to take in life. A college instruction is besides the first measure in being self-sufficing and life by yourself. College life besides gives a individual a opportunity to show his clever and originative abilities and to supplement the accomplishments that he learned in high school. City University will give me an unprecedented chance to accomplish these ends and to make a new tableland in my scholarly surveies. In my life I plan to prosecute a calling in the aerospace field. To acquire a occupation in this field one needs a college instruction and City University fits the measure. Its course of study and accomplished professors will give me the opportunity to accomplish my end. Each of the independent colleges of the university system is extremely specialised and peculiar to its ain field of preparation. We will write a custom essay sample on Education 2 Essay Research Paper In today or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will assist appliers like me dressed ore on my specific calling way. I have visited the university campus twice and each clip I have been impressed by the devotedness of the module to guarantee that the pupil # 8217 ; s educational demands are met and surpassed. I perceive that the universit Y is concerned about the educational wellbeing of its pupils. This is exemplified by the abundant tutoring chances that the university offers. Not merely is the staff exceeding, City University has phenomenal engineering. City University is on the cutting border of engineering which is indispensable in the aerospace field. The EOS computer science environment is a infrastructure for constructing a span to the hereafter. This system will give me many chances to utilize its resources to escalate my accomplishments while prosecuting my business. Having entree to 1000000s of computing machines all over the universe, with the information I need at my fingertips will impel me to a higher degree of rational propensity. The huge figure of computing machine bunchs available at the university enables a pupil to build up himself with the cognition needed to help him in any undertaking or enterprise that he may try. In decision, City University would be the ideal establishment to prosecute my dreams and aspirations to go an aerospace applied scientist. It goes above and beyond the call of responsibility to guarantee that its pupils become utile members of society. As I commence my journey into independent life City University will be my guide devising certain that I follow the right path into the hereafter.

The Complexities Of Mephostophilis Essays - Fiction, Literature

The Complexities of Mephostophilis In Medieval cycle plays, devils were portrayed as comic characters that triumphed over their adversaries in spite of their crudeness and ineptitude. With the advent of Renaissance drama, came new ideas and characters, as playwrights took a new stance in their portrayals of evil and devils. The devils and Mephostophilis in particular, in Christopher Marlowe's play Dr. Faustus are much more complex than those in preceding medieval drama are. Mephostophilis's only goal in the play is to acquire Faustus's damned soul for Lucifer. As straightforward a goal as this might appear, its execution becomes fascinating for the audience because of Marlowe's characterization. Mephostophilis is both friend and archenemy of Faustus. He is the teller of truths and the manipulator of lies; he is a reflection of Faustus's own character and an instrument of Lucifer's diabolical quest. Mephostophilis's diversity of characteristics makes him a most interesting Renaissance character because h! e is not flat, all good or all bad, but rather a multifaceted character, which wins over Faustus and draws the audience in with his intrigue. The play opens in Faustus's study, where Faustus is contemplating his many scholastic accomplishments. Having succeeded in his studies in both the academic and theological fields, Faustus has become bored and wishes to pursue further knowledge in necromancy. He conjures up the image of a devil and so begins the relationship between Dr. Faustus and Mephostophilis. Dissatisfied with Mephostophilis's demonic appearance, Faustus commands him, "I charge thee to return and change thy shape, /Thou art too ugly to attend on me"(I.iii.25-6). Faustus is uncomfortable with the devil's original appearance; he foolishly believes that, "by fiddling with surface matters,"(ix) the basic morality of the character can be changed. "Go and return an old Franciscan friar,"(I.iii. 27) says Faustus; this form not only makes Faustus more comfortable with the devil, but a Renaissance audience would have found this transformation more attractive and palatable as well. Without a word, Mephostophi! lis leaves to obey Faustus, and Faustus takes this as a sign of the devil's submissiveness. Faustus is falsely convinced that he is in control of the situation and that Mephostophilis has appeared only to fulfill his whims and to serve as his servant. He muses to himself, "How pliant is this Mephostophilis, /Full of obedience and humility, /Such is the force of magic and my spells"(I.iii.31-3). When Mephostophilis enters as a friar, Faustus is seeing what he wishes to see. The character of Mephostophilis remains as amoral as ever, but in the guise of a harmless friar, he appears more amiable. Our initial glimpse of Mephostophilis shows the audience and Faustus his true, horrifying nature. Along with this horrifying appearance early in the play, we see his only purpose is the capture of Faustus's soul. Despite Mephostophilis's transformed outward appearance, his purpose remains as malevolent as ever. As Mephostophilis quickly gains Faustus's confidence, the audience is able to peer further into his character. Virtually elated with his magical success, Faustus is oblivious to the ominous reason Mephostophilis gives for appearing. Contrary to what Faustus believes, the incantations he performed did not conjure up a devil; Mephostophilis explains, "when we hear one rack the name of God, /Abjure the Scriptures and his saviour Christ, /We fly in hope to get his glorious soul"(I.iii.46-8). Faustus scoffs at Mephostophilis and explains that he is not afraid of the ideas of hell and damnation, for he does not believe that they exist. The notion of hell is not so meaningless to Mephostophilis, who knows the torment of hell only too well. "Think'st thou that I who saw the face of God /And tasted the eternal joys of heaven /Am not tormented with ten thousand hells /In being depr! ived of everlasting bliss?"(I.iii.76-9) he demands of Faustus. Though he desperately seeks Faustus's soul, Mephostophilis cannot hold himself back from expressing the absolute truth of hell and its agonies. Faustus has already convinced himself that he wants what Mephostophilis can offer him and he refuses to listen to this important and solitary warning. He sends him off to tell Lucifer of his proposition to give his soul in exchange for twenty-four years of power and Mephostophilis's services. As Faustus sits waiting

Free Essays on Book Prices

Book Prices Books are an essential part in the successful outcome of excellence for students. College students must go through numerous hurdles, one of them is buying books throughout their four years of college. Although many were warned of the stress of it all, very few were actually prepared for the financial attack upon his or her bank account. By its cost, one would expect the book itself to amazingly increase one’s intellect, when in actuality it simply confuses all of those in search of answers. It is a problem that every student must encounter and deal with at the beginning of every semester. Something that no one really looks forward to, I mean, who wants to spend that much money on books? Why not just invest it else where? Maybe buying a Mercedes with a nice leather interior would make more sense, but then again, books will have to do in this case. In truth, it is a problem created out of pure greed by those attempting to make money off their merchandise. This is a problem that the administration of Kennesaw State University should prioritize in order to fin d a solution. As an incoming freshman, I was truly excited about the new journey I was about to embark on. The anxiety is what made me look forward to college so desperately. Although I was warned about the ridiculous prices of books, I was not fully prepared for what I would encounter at the bookstore. As dad and I so naively went through my book Da Silva 2 list, I soon discovered how bad the situation really was. It was a Friday afternoon when my journey begun along with dad . I never knew one could spend over two hundred dollars within a time frame of fifteen minutes to buy five books. The reality of it remained that my books needed to be bought and nothing could be done to change that. Dad was extremely shocked and could hardly believe what had taken place just then. He looked like he had been raped by someone he knew his whole life. He tried to gracefully ... Free Essays on Book Prices Free Essays on Book Prices Book Prices Books are an essential part in the successful outcome of excellence for students. College students must go through numerous hurdles, one of them is buying books throughout their four years of college. Although many were warned of the stress of it all, very few were actually prepared for the financial attack upon his or her bank account. By its cost, one would expect the book itself to amazingly increase one’s intellect, when in actuality it simply confuses all of those in search of answers. It is a problem that every student must encounter and deal with at the beginning of every semester. Something that no one really looks forward to, I mean, who wants to spend that much money on books? Why not just invest it else where? Maybe buying a Mercedes with a nice leather interior would make more sense, but then again, books will have to do in this case. In truth, it is a problem created out of pure greed by those attempting to make money off their merchandise. This is a problem that the administration of Kennesaw State University should prioritize in order to fin d a solution. As an incoming freshman, I was truly excited about the new journey I was about to embark on. The anxiety is what made me look forward to college so desperately. Although I was warned about the ridiculous prices of books, I was not fully prepared for what I would encounter at the bookstore. As dad and I so naively went through my book Da Silva 2 list, I soon discovered how bad the situation really was. It was a Friday afternoon when my journey begun along with dad . I never knew one could spend over two hundred dollars within a time frame of fifteen minutes to buy five books. The reality of it remained that my books needed to be bought and nothing could be done to change that. Dad was extremely shocked and could hardly believe what had taken place just then. He looked like he had been raped by someone he knew his whole life. He tried to gracefully ...

Assignment 3 international relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assignment 3 international relations - Essay Example Rendition program, an effective counter-terrorism program designed by US government, has been a breakthrough taken to enforce human rights and enhance a safer-political and economic life to its people. This piece of research paper highlights the meaning, rationale and significances of rendition program. This paper presents an analysis of goals and specific objectives of the rendition program and detail how this program has become a threat to people as they are unable to identify a list of human rights that are to be protected. Rendition Program Rendition or extraordinary rendition program refers to the apprehension and extra-judicial transfer of an individual, who has been suspect of terrorism, from one country to another. Hastedt and Guerrier (2010) described the legal perspective and meaning of Rendition Program. It is a practice of handling over an individual or group to another authority. Rendition has been associated with Central Intelligence Agency’s abduction of those w ho have been suspected of being involved in terrorism and handling them over to foreign intelligence agencies where they will be held interrogative (p. 654). United States have allegedly transferred thousands of suspected terrorists to countries that are very known to use quite harsh interrogation and cross-checking, often with torturing. This is described as ‘Torture by proxy’. Concept of rendition is not very new, but it has been traced back to early 1980s when rendition was used to arrest the hijackers of the Achille Lauro, in a way that agents of country were abducting a person suspected of crimes in foreign country and by transporting him to another country (Henner, 2009, p. 407). In 1995, US President Bill Clinton authorized, by a presidential decision directive, the arresting of terrorists in foreign countries. The directive clearly stated that if US did not receive adequate cooperation from a state that harbored a terrorist whose extradition we were seeking, the US would be rightful to take appropriate measures to induce cooperation (Henner, 2009, p. 408). According to this directive, Central Intelligence Agency began detaining of individuals in foreign countries to be tortured or held indefinitely without any legal or rightful recourse. CIA began to detain such individuals in foreign countries for mere torturing and never for trialing them. The above mentioned rendition program, approved by Bill Clinton in 1995, targeted returning suspected Islamic Terrorists to foreign countries where they are demanded for criminal execution and torture as well. CIA has assured that suspects won’t be tortured, in order to be compliant with International Convention Against Torture, and the main purpose behind it, as CIA claimed, was to disrupt terrorist attacks and not to gather information from them (Hastedt and Guerrier, 2010, p. 654). US had mainly two concerns after the incident of 9/11 attack. What to do with high-ranking Al-Qaeda terrorists a nd to catch them to interrogate them are these two major concerns.

Kingdom of Peace Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kingdom of Peace Paper - Assignment Example The total population living in Singapore is 4.38 million in which 3.64 are Singapore residents. The percentage composition is 34.8% for age and 30% for gender. The total fertility rate is 8.5 births/1,000 population (est. 2011). The factors which influence the fertility rate are Importance of children as a part of the labor force Urbanization Cost of raising and educating children The infant mortality rate is 2.32 deaths/1,000 live births. The factors which influence the infant mortality rate are: Average age at marriage Availability of private and public pension systems Availability of reliable birth control methods 3) Topic 3 – Migration The total percentage of migrants in Singapore is 10.3% and they are international. The migrants come from Europe, China, Saudi Arabia and India. According to the culture of Singapore, the migrants that have come from different countries are totally different but the majority of Malays are believers of Islam with a considerable community of I ndian Muslims and they have the same culture as of Singapore. The migrants that come from different countries adjust easily into the lifestyle of Singapore as well as they don’t face any obstacles in Singapore. The migrants need visas/ special permits to legally work in Singapore. Although, the culture shock for the migrants is minimal but there are some situations in Singapore where you will feel very unfamiliar. Only educated people are given preference in Singapore. 4) Topic 4 – Language The languages of Singapore are Arabic, English and Spanish. And the official language is English as 80% of the people speak English. Many other languages are used in Singapore such as Chinese, Malay and Tamil. In Singapore, there is only one type of accent but there are different types of dialect. The difference between accent and dialect is; accent is the way different people from different regions speak while dialect is the form of language in which people speak. 5) Topic 5 â€⠀œ Religion The main religion of Singapore is Islam. There are other religions also like Fundamentalist Christianity and Atheist. The religion Fundamentalist Christianity is a type of the main religion Christianity and it literally means â€Å"anointed one† and it is a monotheistic religion based on the teachings of Jesus. The adherents of the Christianity faith are known as Christians. Mostly the people living in Singapore are Atheist. The religion does not influence the politics of the country. As there are many religions found in Singapore there will be an influence of religion on the culture because the people of different religions will follow their own culture. In Singapore, there are 50% followers are of Islam. Topic 6 – Urbanism Singapore has no cities but estates including Changi, Sengkang, Tampines, etc. However, these estates are well developed with a 100% urban population against rural population. Singapore has a mega as a well as a primate city. However, i t is its own capital. It has a robust internal model of infrastructure that allows growth, development and technological advancement in the country. Primarily, it follows Latin American pattern. Singapore faces transport issue in the country which requires a developed policy enumerating new pathways for the public, private and large vehicles. Topic 7 - Industry Electronics is the main industry in Singapore. It is bulk-reducing as well as bulk-gaining industry. In order to

Principles of Marketing | Dissertation

Principles of Marketing | Dissertation Definition of Marketing Marketing is part of all of our lives and touches us in some way every day. Most people think that marketing is only about the advertising and/or personal selling of goods and services. Advertising and selling, however, are just two of the many marketing activities. In general, marketing activities are all those associated with identifying the particular wants and needs of a target market of customers, and then going about satisfying those customers better than the competitors. This involves doing market research on customers, analyzing their needs, and then making strategic decisions about product design, pricing, promotion and distribution. Philip Kotler says, Marketing is managing profitable customer relationships. The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior value and to keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction. Broadly defined, marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging value with others. Narrowly defined marketing involves building profitable, value-laden exchange relationships with customers. In short, it has been defined as the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. The new definition given by American Marketing Association reads, Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. The marketing process Create value for customers and build customer relationships Capture value from customers in return In the first four steps, companies work to understand consumers, create customer value and build strong customer relationships. In the final step, companies reap the rewards of creating superior customer value. By creating value for customers, they in turn capture value from customers in the form of sales, profits and long term customer equity. Core concepts of marketing Target Markets and Segmentation A marketer can rarely satisfy everyone in a market. Everyone in the market has different taste, likeliness, income and spending habit. Not everyone likes the same soft drink, automobile, college, and movie. Therefore, marketers start with market segmentation. They identify and profile distinct groups of buyers who might prefer or require varying products and marketing mixes. Market segments can be identified by examining demographic, psychographic, and behavioral differences among buyers. The firm then decides which segments present the greatest opportunity—whose needs the firm can meet in a superior fashion. The lucrative segment/s are selected or targeted for offering/selling the product. For each chosen target market, the firm develops a market offering. The offering is positioned in the minds of the target buyers as delivering some central benefit(s). For example, Volvo develops its cars for the target market of buyers for whom auto- mobile safety is a major concern. Volvo , therefore, positions its car as the safest car a customer can buy. Customer Needs, Wants and Demands Needs are the basic human requirements. People need food, air, water, clothing, and shelter to survive. People also have strong needs for creation, education, and entertainment. The above needs become wants when they are directed to specific objects that might satisfy the need. An American needs food but may want a hamburger, French fries, and a soft drink. A person in Mauritius needs food but may want a mango, rice, lentils, and beans. Wants are shaped by ones society. Demands are wants for specific products backed by an ability to pay. Many people want a Mercedes; only a few are able to buy one. Companies must measure not only how many people want their product but also how many would actually be willing and able to buy it. Product or Offering Customers needs and wants are fulfilled through a marketing offer or product. A product is any offering that can satisfy a need or want, such as one of the 10 basic offerings of goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties, organizations, information, and ideas. A brand is an offering from a known source. A brand name such as McDonalds carries many associations in the minds of people: hamburgers, fun, children, fast food, and golden arches. These associations make up the brand image. All companies strive to build a strong, favorable brand image. Value and Satisfaction In terms of marketing, the product or offering will be successful if it delivers value and satisfaction to the target buyer. The buyer chooses between different offerings on the basis of which is perceived to deliver the most value. We define value as a ratio between what the customer gets and what he gives. The customer gets benefits and assumes costs, as shown in this equation: Based on this equation, the marketer can increase the value of the customer offering by (1) raising benefits, (2) reducing costs, (3) raising benefits and reducing costs, (4) raising benefits by more than the raise in costs, or (5) lowering benefits by less than the reduction in costs. Exchange and Transactions Exchange, the core of marketing, involves obtaining a desired product from someone by offering something in return. For exchange potential to exist, five conditions must be satisfied: There are at least two parties. Each party has something that might be of value to the other party. Each party is capable of communication and delivery. Each party is free to accept or reject the exchange offer. Each party believes it is appropriate or desirable to deal with the other party. Whether exchange actually takes place depends upon whether the two parties can agree on terms that will leave them both better off (or at least not worse off) than before. Exchange is a value-creating process because it normally leaves both parties better off. Marketing Mix Marketers use numerous tools to elicit the desired responses from their target markets. These tools constitute a marketing mix. Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. McCarthy classified these tools into four broad groups that he called the four Ps of marketing: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. Robert Lauterborn suggested that the sellers four Ps correspond to the customers four Cs. Winning companies are those that meet customer needs economically and conveniently and with effective communication. Marketing Philosophies and Concepts There are five competing concepts under which organizations conduct marketing activities: produc- tion concept, product concept, selling concept, marketing concept, and societal mar- keting concept. The Production Concept The production concept, one of the oldest in business, holds that consumers prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive. Managers of production-oriented businesses concentrate on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and mass distribution. This orientation makes sense in developing countries, where consumers are more interested in obtaining the product than in its features. It is also used when a company wants to expand the market. Texas Instruments is a leading exponent of this concept. It concentrates on building production volume and upgrading technology in order to bring costs down, leading to lower prices and expansion of the market. This orientation has also been a key strategy of many Japanese companies. The Product Concept Other businesses are guided by the product concept, which holds that consumers favor those products that offer the most quality, performance, or innovative features. Managers in these organizations focus on making superior products and improving them over time, assuming that buyers can appraise quality and performance. Product-oriented companies often design their products with little or no customer input, trusting that their engineers can design exceptional products. A General Motors executive said years ago: How can the public know what kind of car they want until they see what is availablefi GM today asks customers what they value in a car and includes marketing people in the very beginning stages of design. The Selling Concept The selling concept, another common business orientation, holds that consumers and businesses, if left alone, will ordinarily not buy enough of the organizations products. The organization must, therefore, undertake an aggressive selling and promotion effort. This concept assumes that consumers must be coaxed into buying, so the company has a battery of selling and promotion tools to stimulate buying. The selling concept is practiced most aggressively with unsought goods—goods that buyers normally do not think of buying, such as insurance and funeral plots. The selling concept is also practiced in the nonprofit area by fund-raisers, college admissions offices, and political parties. Most firms practice the selling concept when they have overcapacity. Their aim is to sell what they make rather than make what the market wants. The Marketing Concept The marketing concept, in the mid-1950s, challenges the three business orientations we just discussed. The marketing concept holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of the company being more effective than its competitors in creating, delivering, and communicating customer value to its chosen target markets. The marketing concept focuses on the needs of the buyer. Marketing is preoccupied with the idea of satisfying the needs of the customer by means of the product and the whole cluster of things associated with creating, delivering and finally consuming it. The marketing concept rests on four pillars: target market, customer needs, integrated marketing, and profitability. The marketing concept takes an outside-in perspective. It starts with a well-defined market, focuses on customer needs, coordinates activities that affect customers, and produces profits by satisfying customers. The Societal Marketing Concept Some have questioned whether the marketing concept is an appropriate philosophy in an age of environmental deterioration, resource shortages, explosive population growth, world hunger and poverty, and neglected social services. Are companies that successfully satisfy consumer wants necessarily acting in the best, long-run interests of consumers and societyfi The marketing concept sidesteps the potential conflicts among consumer wants, consumer interests, and long-run societal welfare. Yet some firms and industries are criticized for satisfying consumer wants at societys expense. Such situations call for a new term that enlarges the marketing concept. We propose calling it the societal marketing concept, which holds that the organizations task is to determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets and to deliver the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors in a way that preserves or enhances the consumers and the societys well-being. The societal marketing concept calls upon marketers to build social and ethical considerations into their marketing practices. They must balance and juggle the often confiicting criteria of company profits, consumer want satisfaction, and public interest. Yet a number of companies have achieved notable sales and profit gains by adopting and practicing the societal marketing concept. Marketing vs. Selling Oftentimes, marketing and sales are perceived interchangeably. But in actuality, these are two different things. Selling is a small portion of the entire marketing scheme. Selling is the transaction where a product is transferred from the business owner to a buyer for a price. In contrast, marketing is a process that involves several steps ranging from the generation of a product idea to the delivery of that product to the customer. Even after delivery of the product to the customer, the marketing process continues with direct communication with the customer to obtain feedback about the product. Profits from satisfied customers Theodore Levitt of Harvard drew a perceptive contrast between the selling and marketing concepts: Selling focuses on the needs of the seller; marketing on the needs of the buyer. Selling is preoccupied with the sellers need to convert his product into cash; marketing with the idea of satisfying the needs of the customer by means of the product and the whole cluster of things associated with creating, delivering and finally consuming it. The marketing concept rests on four pillars: target market, customer needs, integrated marketing, and profitability. The selling concept takes an inside-out perspective. It starts with the factory, focuses on existing products, and calls for heavy selling and promoting to produce profitable sales. The marketing concept takes an outside-in perspective. It starts with a well-defined market, focuses on customer needs, coordinates activities that affect customers, and produces profits by satisfying customers. CHAPTER 2 MARKETING ENVIRONMENT In order to correctly identify opportunities and monitor threats, the company must begin with a thorough understanding of the marketing environment in which the firm operates. The marketing environment consists of all the actors and forces outside marketing that affect the marketing managements ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with target customers. A companys marketing environment consists of the actors and forces outside marketing that affect marketing managements ability to develop and maintain successful relationships with its target customers Importance: The marketing environment offers both opportunities and threats Changes in the marketing environment often occur at a rapid pace. Marketers tend to be trend trackers and opportunity seekers. The company must use its marketing research and marketing intelligence systems to monitor the changing environment. A systematic scan of the environment helps marketers to revise and adapt marketing strategies to meet new challenges and opportunities in the market place. The marketing environment is made up of a micro environmental and macro environment. The Companys Microenvironment The micro environment consists of six forces (actors) close to the company that affect its ability to serve its customers: The company itself (including various internal departments) Suppliers. Marketing channel firms (intermediaries) Customer markets. Competitors. Publics. The Company The first actor is the company itself and the role it plays in the microenvironment. Top management is responsible for setting the companys mission, objectives, broad strategies, and policies. Marketing managers must make decisions within the parameters established by top management. Marketing managers must also work closely with other company departments. Areas such as finance, R D, purchasing, manufacturing, and accounting all produce better results when aligned by common objectives and goals. All departments must think consumer if the firm is to be successful. Suppliers Suppliers are firms and individuals that provide the resources needed by the company and its competitors to produce goods and services. They are an important link in the companys overall customer value delivery system. One consideration is to watch supply availability (such as supply shortages). Another point of concern is the monitoring of price trends of key inputs. Marketing Intermediaries Marketing intermediaries are firms that help the company to promote, sell, and distribute its goods to final buyers. Resellers are distribution channel firms that help the company find customers or make sales to them. These include wholesalers and retailers who buy and resell merchandise. Resellers often perform important functions more cheaply than the company can perform itself. Seeking and working with resellers, however, is not easy because of the power that some demand and use. Physical distribution firms help the company to stock and move goods from their points of origin to their destinations. Examples would be warehouses (that store and protect goods before they move to the next destination). Marketing services agencies (such as marketing research firms, advertising agencies, media firms, etc.) help the company target and promote its products to the right markets. Financial intermediaries (such as banks, credit companies, insurance companies, etc.) help finance transactions and insure against risks associated with buying and selling goods. Customers The company must study its customer markets closely because each market has its own special characteristics. These markets normally include: Consumer markets (individuals and households that buy goods and services for personal consumption). Business markets (buy goods and services for further processing or for use in their production process). Reseller markets (buy goods and services in order to resell them at a profit). Government markets (agencies that buy goods and services in order to produce public services or transfer them to those that need them). International markets (buyers of all types, including governments, in foreign countries). Competitors Every company faces a wide range of competitors. A company must secure a strategic advantage over competitors to be successful in the marketplace. No single competitive strategy is best for all companies . Publics A public is any group that has an actual or potential interest in or impact on an organizations ability to achieve its objectives. A company should prepare a marketing plan for all of its major publics as well as its customer markets. Generally, publics can be identified as being: Financial publics. Media publics. Government publics. Citizen-action publics. Local publics. General public. Internal publics. The Companys Macroenvironment The macroenvironment consists of the larger societal forces that affect the microenvironment: Demographic. Economic. Natural. Technological. Political. Cultural The company and all of the other actors operate in a larger macroenvironment of forces that shape opportunities and pose threats to the company. Major forces in the companys macroenvironment include: Demographic Environment Demography is the study of human populations in terms of size, density, location, age, sex, race, occupation, and other statistics. It is of major interest to marketers because it involves people, and people make up markets. Demographic trends are constantly changing. Some of the more interesting trends are: The worlds population (though not all countries) rate is growing at an explosive rate that will soon exceed food supply and ability to adequately service the population. The greatest danger is in the poorest countries where poverty contributes to the difficulties. The most important trend is the changing age structure of the population. Generational marketing is possible, however, caution must be used to avoid generational alienation. Changing family structure Geographic shifts in population will also alter demographics. Changing educational level : In general, the population is becoming better educated. The work force is becoming more white-collar. Products such as books and education services appeal to groups following this trend. Technical skills (such as in computers) will be a must in the future. The final demographic trend is the increasing ethnic and racial diversity . Economic Environment The economic environment includes those factors that affect consumer buying power and spending patterns. Major economic trends include: Changes in income—personal consumption (along with personal debt) has gone up (1980s) and the 1990s brought recession that has caused adjustments both personally and corporately in this country. In the 2000s, consumers are more careful shoppers. Value marketing (trying to offer the consumer greater value for their dollar) is a very serious strategy in the 2000s. Real income is on the rise again but is being carefully guarded by a value-conscious consumer. Income distribution is still very skewed in the United States and all classes have not shared in prosperity. In addition, spending patterns show that food, housing, and transportation still account for the majority of consumer dollars. It is also of note that distribution of income has created a two-tiered market where there are those that are affluent and less affluent. Classes of consumers include: Upper class—spending patterns are not affected by current economic events and who are a major market for luxury goods. Middle class—somewhat careful about its spending but can still afford the good life some of the time. Working class—must stick close to the basics of food, clothing, and shelter and must try hard to save. Under class—(persons on welfare and many retirees) must count their pennies when making even the most basic purchases. Changing consumer spending patterns: Consider Engles Laws where differences were noted over a century ago by Ernst Engle regarding how people shift their spending across food, housing, transportation, health care, and other goods and service categories as family income rises. Spending patterns have generally supported his ideas. Marketers must carefully monitor economic changes so they will be able to prosper with the trend, not suffer from it. Natural Environment The natural environment involves natural resources that are needed as inputs by marketers or that are affected by marketing activities. During the past two decades environmental concerns have steadily grown. Some trend analysts labeled the 1990s as the Earth Decade, where protection of the natural environment became a major worldwide issue facing business and the public. Specific areas of concern were: Shortages of raw materials. Staples such as air, water, and wood products have been seriously damaged and non-renewable such as oil, coal, and various minerals have been seriously depleted during industrial expansion. Increased pollution is a worldwide problem. Industrial damage to the environment is very serious. Far-sighted companies are becoming environmentally friendly and are producing environmentally safe and recyclable or biodegradable goods. The public response to these companies is encouraging. Government intervention in natural resource management has caused environmental concerns to be more practical and necessary in business and industry. Leadership, not punishment, seems to be the best policy for long term results. Instead of opposing regulation, marketers should help develop solutions to the material and energy problems facing the world. Concern for the natural environment has spawned the so-called green movement. Environmentally sustainable strategies and practices are being created. Companies are recognizing a link between a healthy economy and a healthy ecology. Technological Environment The technological environment includes forces that create new technologies, creating new product and market opportunities. Technology is perhaps the most dramatic force shaping our destiny. New technologies create new markets and opportunities. Every new technology, however, replaces an older technology. The challenge is not only technical but also commercial—to make practical, affordable versions of products. Political Environment The political environment includes laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence and limit various organizations and individuals in a given society. Business is regulated by various forms of legislation. Governments develop public policy to guide commerce—sets of laws and regulations limiting business for the good of society as a whole. Almost every marketing activity is subject to a wide range of laws and regulations. Some trends in the political environment include: Increasing legislation to: Protect companies from each other. Protecting consumers from unfair business practices. Protecting interests of society against unrestrained business behavior. Changing government agency enforcement. New laws and their enforcement will continue or increase. Increased emphasis on ethics and socially responsible actions. Socially responsible firms actively seek out ways to protect the long-run interests of their consumers and the environment. The recent rash of business scandals and increased concerns about the environment have created fresh interest in the issues of ethics and social responsibility. The boom in e-commerce and Internet marketing has created a new set of social and ethical issues. Privacy issues are the primary concern. Another cyberspace concern is that of access by vulnerable or unauthorized groups. Cultural Environment The cultural environment is made up of institutions and other forces that affect societys basic values, perceptions, and behaviors. Certain cultural characteristics can affect marketing decision-making. Among the most dynamic cultural char- acterisitics are: Persistence of cultural values. Peoples core beliefs and values have a high degree of persistence. Core beliefs and values are passed on from parents to children and are reinforced by schools, churches, business, and government. Secondary beliefs and values are more open to change. Shifts in secondary cultural values. Because secondary cultural values and beliefs are open to change, marketers want to spot them and be able to capitalize on the change potential. The Yankelovich Monitor has identified eight major consumer themes: Paradox. Trust not. Go it alone. Smarts really count. No sacrifices. Stress hard to beat. Reciprocity is the way to go. Me 2. Societys major cultural views are expressed in: Peoples views of themselves. People vary in their emphasis on serving themselves versus serving others.. Peoples views of others. Observers have noted a shift from a me-society to a we-society. Consumers are spending more on products and services that will improve their lives rather than their image. Peoples views of organizations. People are willing to work for large organizations but expect them to become increasingly socially responsible. Many companies are linking themselves to worthwhile causes. Peoples views of society. This orientation influences consumption patterns. Buy American versus buying abroad is an issue that will continue into the next decade. Peoples view of nature. There is a growing trend toward peoples feeling of mastery over nature through technology and the belief that nature is bountiful. Nature, however, is finite. Love of nature and sports associated with nature are expected to be significant trends in the next several years. Peoples views of the universe. Studies of the origin of man, religion, and thought-provoking ad campaigns are on the rise. Spiritual individualism may be a new theme. Chapter 3 Marketing segmentation Market Segmentation It is the process of dividing a market into distinct group of buyers who have distinct needs, characteristics or behavior and who might require separate product or marketing mixes. Market segment A group of consumers who respond in a similar way to a given set of marketing efforts. For Example: In the car market, consumers who want the biggest, most comfortable car regardless of the price make up one market segment. Consumers who care mainly about price and operating economy make up another segment. Requirements of Market Segments In addition to having different needs, for segments to be practical they should be evaluated against the following criteria: Identifiable: the differentiating attributes of the segments must be measurable so that they can be identified. Accessible: the segments must be reachable through communication and distribution channels. Substantial: the segments should be sufficiently large to justify the resources required to target them. Unique needs: to justify separate offerings, the segments must respond differently to the different marketing mixes. Durable: the segments should be relatively stable to minimize the cost of frequent changes. A good market segmentation will result in segment members that are internally homogenous and externally heterogeneous; that is, as similar as possible within the segment, and as different as possible between segments. Bases for Segmentation in Consumer Markets Consumer markets can be segmented on the following customer characteristics. Geographic Demographic Psychographic Behavioral Geographic Segmentation The following are some examples of geographic variables often used in segmentation. Region: by continent, country, state, or even neighborhood Size of metropolitan area: segmented according to size of population Population density: often classified as urban, suburban, or rural Climate: according to weather patterns common to certain geographic regions Demographic Segmentation Some demographic segmentation variables include: Age Gender Family size Family lifecycle Generation: baby-boomers, Generation X, etc. Income Occupation Education Ethnicity Nationality Religion Social class Many of these variables have standard categories for their values. For example, family lifecycle often is expressed as bachelor, married with no children (DINKS: Double Income, No Kids), full-nest, empty-nest, or solitary survivor. Some of these categories have several stages, for example, full-nest I, II, or III depending on the age of the c

Sound Body

A sound body is the most splendid treasure a man can cherish. A sound body means that you are so splendidly strong and well that you can bear the roughest experiences without becoming ill. The body is a living thing to be put out in the air and the sunshine. The more roughly you treat your body, the stronger will it be. Physical harmony is an index and expression of a harmonious mind. If one wants to build up one's mind, one must build up first the body. Man has a body as well as a mind. So intimate is the relationship between the two that the neglect of one is bound to have adverse effect on the other.And so, a harmonious development of both, or, in other words, a sound mind in a sound body should be the aim of every man. The mind and the body are inter-related, so that the health of one is the health of the other, and the ills of one are the ills of the other. The sounder the body, the sounder the mind that resides in it. A healthy man is always happy. He feels inclined to work. He feels inclined to serve others. A man with a sound body is full of optimism. He goes ahead. He presses on and on. Nothing can daunt him.Nothing can handicap him and nothing can frustrate him. He is enthusiastic and energetic. He radiates health, hope and happiness wherever he goes. He is loved and liked by one and all. He makes friends wherever he goes. He moves mountains. He gets over all difficulties and hurdles. His strong mind fears none. The mind of a man with shattered body and health is always full of pessimism and sorrow. He has no heart to do anything. He likes to mope and whine in a corner. He tells his sad tale of woe to everybody he meets.He has no hope and sunshine to scatter. Life has no charm for him. He is sick of it. He feels disgusted with it. His mind is diseased. His enthusiasm is dead. He is no better than a dead man. A child has a sound body and consequently a sound mind. He is always happy. He smiles his way into the heart of everybody. Everybody feels drawn and attracted towards him. Who does not want to love and fondle him? Who does not like to kiss his sweet, angelic face? His very sight, his movements, his innocent prattle, fill even the gloomiest heart with joy.On the other hand, take the case of an old man, with shattered health, toothless mouth, sunken eyes and shriveled skin. He always talks of death. He is completely disillusioned. For him the world is a vale of tears. He does not like his own wife and children. He has no taste for anything. He condemns one and all. Only a man with a sound body can enjoy real contentment and true peace of mind. A man with a diseased body is never in a happy and contented state of mind. He is always complaining and grumbling. His mind is seldom at peace.For him life is a burden. A man may be very rich but he cannot enjoy his riches if he is always sick. A judge may be very able but he cannot play his part efficiently if he is constantly worried by one bodily ailment or another. The head of a Sta te may be the ablest man in the world but he cannot function effectively if he is constantly tormented by some disease. A doctor may be the best physician or surgeon but he is of no use to society if due to his illness, he cannot attend to his work in the hospital for more than two days in a week.However rich or educated a person may be, if he is physically harassed, life becomes something of a burden to him. â€Å"A nation of healthy and bright young men and women is an asset to our modern human civilization. Citizens of tomorrow, as the students of today are called, shall have to combine a healthy physique with a healthy intellect. The trophies of success have been won by those young men and women who laid emphasis on oft-quoted dictum ‘healthy body healthy mind'. â€Å"

Conservative Party From 1951 To 1964 Essay

1) Labour failed to modernise its policies to a move affluent Britain and the party was constantly divided 2) The parliamentary party was split between the Left and Right: left-wing Bevan’s wanted an expansion of the public sector & hostile to Gaitskell, who did not 3) Gaitskell became leader after Wilson and agreed on a social democracy rather than a socialist one, but failed to remove Clause IV in 1961 Labour weakness enabled the Conservatives to avoid the electoral consequences of their mistakes, partially 1) Suez 1956 2) Resignation of Eden Conclusion The Labour party was dominating in votes up to 1950, however that year the difference between Labour and Conservative parties was very neglectful. There are several factors that might have contributed to Labours loss of power in 1951. The Labour government was associated with the period of austerity when people had to overcome rationing and devaluation. Additionally, many key members of the Cabinet were exhausted or unwell. Moreover, they were split internally and the event with Gaitskell that led to Bevan’s resignation in 1951, undermined the cohesion of the government. In comparison to them, the conservative party seemed to be more convincing at that period. The reign of Conservatives began in 1951 and lasted for 13 years, when Winston Churchill ran his campaign for election, and eventually, won. Here were several reasons that guaranteed his success: he agreed to maintain the post-war consensus that kept full employment under Keynesian policy and allowed to enlarge the system of social services. Moreover, Churchill’s second election victory was partially due to the gratitude of British public for being a good wartime leader. Another point is that, Conservatives reorganised the system of internal work and its campaign that was oriented toward gaining of additional votes. Also, they brought young and bright members into the government that made them stand out against old Labour government. The policy proposed by Churchill’s government was Keynesian and it guaranteed full employment due to the increased financing of projects by government and decreased taxation that led to increase of import. Additionally, growing industry, build of housing and development of welfare services guaranteed growing employment and high consumer demand; women found it easy to find a job that gave families at least 2 incomes. One of the important factors was that Conservatives finalised the austerity: rationing and licensing came to an end. However, there were some difficulties, too. Development of industry and services required more people, which resulted in immigration of low-cost workforce from colonies of GB. Consequently, up to 1962 the number of immigrants from India and African countries was about 200 000, that led to Commonwealth Immigration Act. Moreover, depressed areas continued to have the level of  unemployment above average that suggested costly measures to create intensives for workers, such as low interest loans, tax breaks and housing for key workers. But those measures could not guarantee safe functioning during difficult periods, for instance, firms closed as soon as recessi ons started. Winston Churchill was a prime-minister during 1951- 1955, even though he was very old and due to health issues was no longer dynamic. And this period is considered to be successful despite the fact that recovery of British economy was moving at a slow pace than one of Europe or USA. In 1955 the parliament was under direction of Anthony Eden, who worked close to Churchill and coordinated the work of government during his absence. He inherited good economic and political conditions, and it was hard to imagine that in 2 years he would resign in disgrace because of foreign affair matter, the very field area of government where his talent was praised for. His fiasco was caused by the Suez Canal seizure made by Gamal Abdel Nasser that was a strategically important point controlled by Britain since 1875. An attempt to intervene in Egypt with military force in secrete coalition with France and Israel was not supported by US government and would cause heavy pressure and withdrawal of its financial help from British economy. That event was humiliating failure of British foreign policy; and the secret collusion with France and Israel created a bad image for Eden. Harold Macmillan was a prime- minister from 1957 to 1964 and he followed the strategies of his fellow members. He implemented the Butler’s theory to operate a mixed economy and the policy of Keynesianism. The aims of these policies were to avoid extreme inflation and deflation by a series of government adjustments. If inflation rose too quickly, the government introduced measures to slow it down. These measures included, raising interest rates to prevent borrowing and increasing import controls to limit purchases from abroad, with the intent of reducing the trade gap. Alternatively, if demand was low, the Chancellor of the Exchequer at the time would introduce ‘a giveaway’ budget whereby taxes and interest rates were lowered. The Conservatives maintained these economic policies from 1957 right up until 1964. The ‘give away’ budgets were criticised however, as they were said to be attempts to ‘buy votes’. Macmillan also introduced the policy of stop-go, which resulted in stagflation due to Britain’s lack of economic strategy. That indicated the failure of governments to develop  policies that encouraged a constantly performing economy. The policy of stop-go was about intervening of government when consumption rose too quickly. Despite any criticisms, Macmillan (also named as Supermac) created an image of full confidence in this policy and that reflected in increase of his popularity and general public approval. As the result, quality of life improved and people were able to buy luxuries. Macmillan had many qualities that gained him respect: he was decisive, portrayed his confidence through media and delivered on promises. He pulled out of the Suez affair as he knew Britain was not going the way Eden wanted to see. He promised to build 300,000 houses per year: in 1953 the number of new houses achieved 327,000 and in 1954 – 354,000. Finally, Macmillan got rid of the British Empire which saved enormous amounts of money. Though Britain was criticised for doing this, as they were said to be abandoning their empire, ultimately it was the right thing to do as too many extreme promises were made and Macmillan knew t hese could not be kept without risking the welfare of Britain themselves. Also, the empire wanted freedom and therefore it was impossible for Britain to ‘abandon’ them; they were just providing their colonies with the freedom they craved. In 1964 the last prime-minister to hold office while being the member of House of Lords. After becoming a lord he was criticized by Labour Party as an aristocrat, who cannot understand the needs and problems of ordinary families; and he had an image of rather stiffly person by contrast with the Labour leader, Harold Wilson. In conclusion, one might say that the period of 1951-64 was a great success for British economy when it came revived and more industrialized after the 2nd World War. It gave a start for new vision and policy that improved the face of the country with time.

The Church s Ministry On Teaching And Learning - 929 Words

The church’s ministry on teaching and learning is simultaneously a simple and complex ministry. It is a ministry that is potentially misunderstood more often than it is understood in the life of a congregation. As the congregation struggles to combine secular life with spiritual practice, the vision for the teaching and learning ministry of the church can fall out of focus for those who feel called to this ministry’s vocations. To begin, I will define the teaching and learning ministry of the church as I understand it followed by an elaboration of its definition. Lastly, I will discuss a few implications of this ministry as it applies to a congregation. The church’s ministry of teaching and learning is the collective discernment of the community, as loving people of God, which integrates and challenges the understanding of their presence as individuals in an ever deepening connection with God and their community of neighbors through various reflective methods and practices, which engage scripture, tradition, experience, and reason. This definition may appear simple if taken at its face value. However, upon further inspection its elements contain subtle meanings even multiple layers of meaning. Thus, further explanation of these elements is required and displayed herein. The main element of this definition is community. Humanity, generally speaking, is social in nature which leads individuals to gather into groups of various sizes. These groups or communities can beShow MoreRelatedThe New Testament s Book Of Acts985 Words   |  4 Pagesand teaching comes from the four Gospels of the New Testament. 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